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Review
11 2023
:35;
102919
doi:
10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102919

Anticancer effect of herbal and marine products: A systematic review

, , , , , , ,
a Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
b Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
c Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM), Department of Biological Chemistry - URCA, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil
d Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran

⁎Corresponding authors. hdmcoutinho@urca.br (Polrat Wilairatana), hdmcoutinho@urca.br (Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho)

Received: , Accepted: ,
© The Author(s) 2023
Disclaimer:
This article was originally published by Elsevier and was migrated to Scientific Scholar after the change of Publisher.
1 Equally contributed.

Abstract

The majority of the world's nations have faced the second-highest cancer mortality rate. The main causes of cancer include an unbalanced diet, genetic factors, and a few specific environmental substances. Recently, a variety of substances have been used to treat cancer, and some are still being studied. It has long been known that the mid of the twentieth century that plant and marine species create a wide range of chemically and physiologically diverse metabolites with a variety of biological effects, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifouling and so on. The focus of this study is on newly found compounds from plant and marine sources that have potent anticancer effects.

Keywords

Plant Source
Marine source
Anti-carcinogenic
Cancer
Phytochemicals
Phyto-constituents
PubMed
1

1 Introduction

Cancer is a disorder in which cells in a particular area of the body multiply and develop uncontrolled. The malignant cells have the capacity to penetrate and damage nearby healthy tissue, including organs (Weinberg, 1996). In 2019, there were 23.6 million new instances of cancer each year and 10 million people die worldwide, suggesting rises of 26% and 21% over the previous ten years, respectively (Kocarnik et al., 2022). According to estimates, there will be 1.9 million new cancer diagnoses and 609,360 cancer related deaths are observed in the United States in the time of 2022 (Beger et al., 2008). The growth of cancer registries around the globe has sparked an interest in discovering novel drugs that seem to be toxic against cancer cells but harmless to healthy cells. The anticancer medications that were traditionally used were relatively toxic to both normal body cells and tumor cells in the area of the body where the cancer had first appeared. Right now, both terrestrial plants and marine environments are being used in the search for new anticancer medications (Greenwell and Rahman, 2015). For generations, people have employed plants to treat illnesses. Many plants are consumed around the world for their health advantages as a form of traditional folk remedies. A wide range of anticancer drugs derived from plant materials are purified, and then they are tested in clinical trials on cells (including several cancer cells lines) and experimental animals (Greenwell and Rahman, 2015). In very recent time, the number of recently discovered natural substances has increased dramatically. The use of plants as sources of highly biologically active materials has been around for centuries in traditional medicine (Fridlender et al., 2015). One way to obtain these substances is by extracting them from plant materials. An alternative approach is to use biotechnological tools to produce anticancer compounds derived from plants. Some of the naturally occurring substances found plants and aquatic animals that have antitumor properties include alkaloids, diterpenoquinone, diterpenes, purine-based compounds, peptides,l actonic sesquiterpene, cyclic depsipeptide, macrocyclic polyethers, proteins etc. (Lichota and Gwozdzinski, 2018). Additionally, there is a lot of potential in marine environments to find novel organisms that can help with cancer treatment and prevention. Late in the 19th century, marine first appeared. After 1980, the field of biotechnology emerged as one that gave the study of the oceans direction, focusing on uses like drug development (Newman and Cragg, 2016). There is growing interest in utilizing the diversity and complexity of marine natural product scaffolds due to their tremendous potential for rational drug discovery (Nobili et al., 2009). New anticancer medications are required due to the rise in the prevalence of various types of cancer (Lichota and Gwozdzinski, 2018). This study's objective was to identify compounds with anti-cancer properties that were derived from plant and marine sources.

2

2 Materials and methods

A search was conducted (till May 2022) in the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, MedLine, and Google Scholar using the keywords 'plant derivatives' and 'anticancer activity/effect'. There were no language restrictions. The articles were reviewed for information on plant derivatives, marine source, cancer pathophysiology, anticancer activities, test results, and potential mechanisms of action.

3

3 Results

3.1

3.1 Cancer pathophysiology

Cancer is well-known disease that are occurred by the regulation of tissue growth. A normal cell must change its genes to become a cancer cell, which regulates cell development and differentiation. Genetic alterations can take place at a variety of different scales, from the addition or deletion of whole chromosomes to a single DNA nucleotide mutation. These modifications have an impact on two large types of genes. Oncogenes can be either normal genes that are overexpressed or mutated genes that exhibit unique features. In either instance, the expression of these genes promotes cancer cell malignancy. Tumor suppressing genes are those that impede cancer cell division, survival, or other qualities. Tumor suppressing genes are frequently silenced by cancer-promoting genetic mutations. The way of the development of cancer cells are displayed in Fig. 1.

Mutations play a role in the development of cancer. Every mutation modifies how a cell behaves.
Fig. 1
Mutations play a role in the development of cancer. Every mutation modifies how a cell behaves.

The traditional understanding of cancer is that it is a collection of diseases caused by progressive genetic abnormalities such as tumor-suppressor gene mutations, oncogene mutations, and chromosomal abnormalities (Baylin and Ohm, 2006). Epigenetic alterations are those that affect the genome in a way that is relevant to function but do not alter the nucleotide sequence. Changes in DNA methylation (hypermethylation and hypomethylation), histone modification, and chromosomal layout are only a few examples of such modifications (arise through the negative protein expression like HMGA2 or HMGA1) (Kanwal and Gupta, 2012). While epigenetic abnormalities are common in malignancies, epigenetic modifications in DNA repair genes, which result in lower production of DNA repair proteins, may be especially important. Such changes are expected to begin early in cancer growth and are a plausible cause of the genomic instability seen in malignancies (Bernstein et al., 2013). The main role of DNA damage and epigenetic modifications in DNA repair genes in the development of cancer is illustrated in Fig. 2.

The primary significance of DNA damage and epigenetic changes in DNA repair genes in the development of cancer.
Fig. 2
The primary significance of DNA damage and epigenetic changes in DNA repair genes in the development of cancer.

3.2

3.2 Plant derived compounds

Plant-derived compounds have shown to be a rich source of different types of novel medicinal molecules applied against several type of human disease. Many anticancer drugs have been isolated from plants, including Catharanthus roseus, Cuphea hyssopifolia, Podophyllum species, Coptis chinensis, Taxus brevifolia, Camptotheca acuminate, Betula alba, Streptococcus peucetius, Cephalotaxus species, Erythroxylum pervillei, Evodiae fructus, Curcuma longa, Ipomoeca batatas, Centaurea schischkinii, Eugenia jambos L., Alnus rubra, Punica granatum L, Phyllanthus niruri L., Hydrastis Canadensis, Sanguinaria canadensis, Stephania tertrandra and others. Scientists are still investigating the bioavailability of anti-cancer substances in heretofore unrecognized plant species. Fig. 3 depicts various plant-derived anticancer medications and their main modes of action.

Plant-based anticancer medicines in specific groupings. Some medicines can provide therapeutic and/or chemoprotective actions via various routes. EGCG is well-known for its anti-ROS effect; it may also suppress DNA methylation and angiogenesis. Thymoquinone is both a ROS inducer and a mitotic kinase inhibitor.
Fig. 3
Plant-based anticancer medicines in specific groupings. Some medicines can provide therapeutic and/or chemoprotective actions via various routes. EGCG is well-known for its anti-ROS effect; it may also suppress DNA methylation and angiogenesis. Thymoquinone is both a ROS inducer and a mitotic kinase inhibitor.
Chemical structure of plant derived compounds.
Fig. 4
Chemical structure of plant derived compounds.
Chemical structure of plant derived compounds.
Fig. 4
Chemical structure of plant derived compounds.
Chemical structure of plant derived compounds.
Fig. 4
Chemical structure of plant derived compounds.
Chemical structure of plant derived compounds.
Fig. 4
Chemical structure of plant derived compounds.
Chemical structure of plant derived compounds.
Fig. 4
Chemical structure of plant derived compounds.

3.3

3.3 Marine source compounds

Based on the previous, numerous research organizations throughout the world have recently focused on the separation and characterization of biologically active components from marine source due to there several application (Fig. 5). The marine environment has developed into a significant source of molecules that have strong anticancer properties and display unusual chemical characteristics and mechanisms of action. Thirty-four of forty compounds in the pipeline for marine pharmaceuticals indicate “cancer therapy,” and twelve of the seventeen marine-derived medications approved by regulatory bodies are used to treat cancer (Mayer et al., 2012). Sea is one of the most abundant habitats, teeming with variety of creatures, where their compounds are stand out because of their distinctive qualities. The development of cancer medicines derived from marine sources is extremely important in the fight against cancer. More than 60% of anti-tumor medications come from natural sources, including pharmaceuticals and compounds that are now being tested in clinical studies. This study is targeted to find out the anticancer activity of marine source compounds.

Several applications of marine source components.
Fig. 5
Several applications of marine source components.

4

4 Discussion

Several research has examined the anticancer potential of compounds derived from plants and marine source. Some of these substances demonstrate efficient anti-cancer activity in one or more cancer types. Based on their activities several compounds have been listed in Table 1/Fig. 4 and Table 2/Fig. 6. For biomedical uses, natural substances are effective therapeutic and chemopreventive agents as well as useful tools for evaluating molecular targets (Orlikova et al., 2014). Numerous studies have shown that phytochemicals found in natural products can prevent the initiation, promotion, and progression of carcinogenesis, and some of their medicinal compounds have the potential to be highly effective chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic approaches against cancer (Gupta et al., 2010). Plants produce a large number of bioactive metabolites, and because of their therapeutic benefits, they are highly sought-after in the field of pharmacology. They play a crucial role in the formation of sophisticated traditional medicine particularly that used to treat cancer diseases (Moghadamtousi et al., 2013). However, marine floras, which make up over 90% of the ocean's biomass, include bacteria, actinobacteria, cyanobacteria, fungus, microalgae, seaweeds, mangroves, and other halophytes. They provide a lot of opportunity for the development of novel anticancer medicines (Sithranga Boopathy and Kathiresan, 2010). Numerous substances derived from plants have cytotoxic properties with a wide range of mechanisms of action, including DNA damage, the inhibition of topoisomerases I and II, the induction of apoptosis, and the inhibition of tumor cell growth. Studies have demonstrated that plant-derived compounds combined with chemotherapy drugs have a significant potential to kill tumor cells without harming healthy cells like lymphocytes and fibroblasts (Lichota and Gwozdzinski, 2018). Marine-derived bioactive molecules have been found to be effective against a variety of tumor cells, including those that cause bone, blood, lung, mammary, melanoma, prostate, bladder, and renal cancers in addition to the recognized mechanisms of action mediated by necrosis, apoptosis, and lysis of tumor cells.

Table 1 Shortly structured anticancer activity of plant derived compounds.
Compounds Plant Source Test Medium Dose/Concentration Mechanism of action References
Maplexins C-D and Maplexins E-1 A. rubrum L. HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells IC50 = 59.8–67.9 and 95.5–108.5 µM vs 73.7–165.2 and 115.5–182.5 µM inhibit cancer cell growth (González-Sarrías et al., 2012)
Cuphiin D1 Cuphea hyssopifolia HL-60 cells IC50 = 16 µM decrease cell population and inhibit Bcl-2 expression (Wang et al., 2000)
Punicalagin (PUNI) and Ellagic acid (EA) Pomegranate Caco-2 and CCD-112CoN cells PUNI 1; 10; 100 µM/l, EA 1; 10; 30 µM/l apoptosis induction (Larrosa et al., 2006)
1-O-galloyl castalagin and casuarinin Eugenia jambos L. HL-60 10.8 and 12.5 µM induced apoptosis (Yang et al., 2000)
Gallotannin Alnus rubra Colon cancer cells from humans (T-84) 10 µg/mL Induced apoptosis (Gali-Muhtasib et al., 2001)
Corilagin Phyllanthus niruri L. ovarian cancer cells 160 µM increased apoptosis (Jia et al., 2013)
Doxorubicin (DXR) + Tannic acid (TA) – MDA-MB-231 cells DXR (2.5 mg/Kg, once weekly), TA (10 mg/Kg) shows maximum tumor volume reduction (Tikoo et al., 2011)
Oenothein B, woodfordin C and woodfordin D – Human squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) and salivary gland tumor (HSG) CC50 = 0.060 µM
CC50 = 0.026 µM
CC50 = 0.026 µM		 Accelerated apoptosis (Sakagami et al., 2000)
8-cetylberberine Coptis chinensis and Hydrastis Canadensis A549 and MRC-5 cells In vivo: 10 mg/Kg inhibit tumor growth (Xiao et al., 2018)
In vitro: 2 μg/mL decreased the survival rate
Evodiamine Evodiae fructus MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231cells – prevents cells proliferating (Wang et al., 2013)
Sanguinarine Sanguinaria canadensis HeLa and Siha human cervical cancer cells 2.43 µM/L (IC50) in HeLa cells and 3.07 µM/L in SiHa cells induction of apoptosis (Xu et al., 2012)
Tetrandrine (TET) Stephania tertrandra 143B cells 1, 2 and 4 µM inhibits the proliferation (Tian et al., 2017)
Liriodenine natural plant species A549 20 µM and 50 µM suppressed proliferation (Chang et al., 2004)
Brucine Strychnos nux-vomica L. MDA-MB-231 1–2 mM apoptosis induction (Xu et al., 2019)
Cathachunine Catharanthus roseus human leukemia cells anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis abilities (Wang et al., 2016)
Clausenidin Clausena excavata Burm. f HepG2 30, 40 and 50 µg/mL induces apoptosis (Waziri et al., 2016)
α-tomatine Solanum lycopersicum CT-26 colon cancer cells at 3.5 µM increased caspase-independent apoptosis (Kim et al., 2015)
Myricetin berries, herbs and walnuts HCT-15 cells 50 and 100 µM induces apoptosis (Kim et al., 2014)
Isorhamnetin Hippophae rhamnoides L 0,10,20,40 and 80 µM /L reduced cell proliferation (Li et al., 2014)
Baicalein Scutellaria baicalensis cell lung cancer (NSCLS) 0.5% CMC-Na solution, 40 mg/Kg inhibits tumor growth (Zhao et al., 2019)
Naringenin Fruits A549 cell 0–300 µM alteration cell proliferation (Chang et al., 2017)
Daidzein in nuts, fruits, soybeans, andsoy-based products JAR and JEG-3 100 µM induce apoptosis (Zheng et al., 2018)
Genistein (GEN) soy isoflavones HT-29 cells 200 µM /L induces apoptosi (Zhou et al., 2017)
Glycitein Soybean SKBR-3 cells 10, 30, 60, 100 mg/mL damaged the cell membranes (Zhang et al., 2015)
Formononetin Pongamia pinnata, Astragalus membranaceus, Ononis angustissima and Trifolium pratense FaDu cell 50 µM decelerated tumor growth (Oh et al., 2020)
Chrysin – CT26 cells 80 µg/mL induction of apoptosis (Bahadori et al., 2016)
Galangin Alpinia galangal MCF-7 and T47D 20 µM inducing apoptosis (Song et al., 2017)
Table 2 Shortly narrate the anticancer activity of compounds found from marine source.
Class Natural compound Chemistry Test system Test dose/ concentration Proposed mechanism Reference
In Vitro1.Renca renal adenocarcinoma, 2. B16 melanoma3. M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma, the L10A B-cell lymphoma 100 ng/mL Antiproliferative responses against cancer cell
Marine Bacteria Bryostatins Macrolide In vivo1. mice bearing 8–10-mm s.c. masses of L10A lymphoma (5–10 × 109) 2. Six human B-cell lymphoma cell lines 1 μg/injection/day B-cell lymphoma growth inhibition (Hornung et al., 1992)
Taxol/ discodermolide – SKOV-3 25 mg/kg i.p. and 5 mg/kg i.v. induces tumor regressions (Huang et al., 2006)
Cryptophycins Depsipeptide Murine in vivo xenograft models mice model 0.1 mL/10 g body weight of the animals active antitumor agents against the rat 13,762 mammary carcinoma (Menon et al., 2000)
Indanone from Lyngbya majuscula Polyketide Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Hep3B human liver tumor cells – VEGF expression inhibition (Nagle et al., 2000)
Lyngbyabellin A (Lyngbya majuscula) Desipeptide Human nasopharyngeal and colon carcinoma cell line 1.0.03 Ìg/mL2.0.50 Ìg/mL Disruption of cellular microfilaments (Luesch et al., 2000)
Apratoxin A from Lyngbya boulloni Polyketide Cervical cancerCell line (HeLa) 2.2 nM Blocking the progression of G1 phase → Cell cycle inhibition → Cytotoxicity (Ma et al., 2006)
Marine Corals Cembrane (Alcyonacea, Nephtheidae) – Three cancer cell linesSF-268 (CNS), MCF-7 (breast), and H460 (lung) 100 μM Three primary tumor cell lines were exposed to non-selective anticancer activities (Januar et al., 2010)
Eleutherobin analogues Diterpene glycoside Human breast carcinoma cell line 1–100000 nM – (Cinel et al., 2000)
Sterols Steroids Dalton's lymphoma ascites cells (DLA) 10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 200 μg/mL exhibited remarkable apoptosis agonist activity (Byju et al., 2014)
Marine Algae Sterol fraction (cholesterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol) – 4 T1 cell 10 and 25 mg/Kg induced apoptosis Kazłowska et al., 2013)
Fucoidan from Sargassum mcclurei DLD-1 cells 1–200 µg/mL colony formation inhibition (Duc Thinh et al., 2013)
Dioxinodehydroeckol
Isolated from Ecklonia Cava 		Phloroglucinol derivatives MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 µM inhibit the proliferation (Kong et al., 2009)
Elatol isolated from algae Laurencia microcladia. Sesquiterpene Western blot analysis, C57Bl6 mice bearing B16F10 cells 0.1–100 µM induces apoptosis (Campos et al., 2012)
Fucoxanthin Carotenoids CMT-U27 10, and 20 μM induced apoptosis (Jang et al., 2021)
Sargassum oligocystum extract – In-vitro testK562 and Daudi human cancer cell lines 0–500 μg/mL.
Most effective concentration 500 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL		 Inhibited G0/G1 stage SGC-7901 from entering to S stage (Ji et al., 2004)
Violaxanthin from Dunaliella tertiolecta – Breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) 40 µg/mL (to observe cytostatic activity) Cancer cell proliferation is inhibited→ ↑Apoptosis (Pasquet et al., 2011)
Phloroglucinol from Brown seaweed – Colorectal cancer Cell lines (HCT116 & HT29) 300 µM Induce DNA damage → Cytotoxicity→ ↓Cell death Lopes-Costa et al., 2017)
– Human leukemia (HL-60) cells μM ↑Caspase 3 & 7 → ↓Bcl-2→ ↑Apoptosis → Cytotoxicity Ganesan et al., 2011)
Marine Tunicate Didemnin B Depsipeptide Rabbit reticulocyte lysate and human adenocarcinoma cell line – (Ahuja et al., 2000)
10 patients 5.6 mg/m2 competitive inhibition enzyme (Benvenuto et al., 1992)
Alkaloid Human and murine leukemia cell lines μM Apoptosis induction; no impact on topoisomerases I and II Dassonneville et al., 2000)
Human colon carcinoma cell line 10–50 nM Inhibition of transcription of the human P glycoprotein gene (MDR1) Jin et al., 2000)
Trabectedin (ET-743)
isolated from Ecteinascidia turbinata 		Alkylating agent 52 patients with solid tumors (mostly colorectalcancers and sarcomas) 0.05–1.8 mg/m2 impact on a number of transcriptional regulators, cell proliferation, and the nucleotide excision repair system (Ganjoo and Patel, 2009)
Clam Spisulosine ––10 μM Cuadros et al., 2000)
– Colon and breast, cancers cell lines – Vasko et al., 2010)
Sponge Fascaplysin Alkaloid Cell lines from human colon cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, and normal fibroblasts 0.35 μM Inhibition of Cyclindependent Kinase 4 (Soni et al., 2000)
Aragusterol A Steroid Human and murine cancer cell panel and in vivo assays 0.01–1.6 μM 1/S cell cycle phase (Fukuoka et al., 2000)
Discodermolide Polyketide Human and murine tumor cell lines 0–1000 nM stabilize microtubules and inhibit cells (Martello et al., 2000)
Sea squirts Ecteinascidin/ Trabectedin from Ecteinascidia turbinata Alkaloids 0.6 ng/mL Cytotoxicity against tumour cell line in vitro. (Ghielmini et al., 1998)
A549 cell ng/mL
Diatom Monoacylglycerides
(MAGs) from Skeletonema marinoi 		–
-		 Haematological cancer cell line (U-937) µg/mL ↑caspase3/7 activation→ ↑Apoptosis → Cytotoxic activity (Miceli et al., 2019)
Colon cancer cell line (HCT-116)
MePR-2B normal cells
Polyunsaturated aldehydes
(PUAs2-trans,4-trans-decadienal(DD)) from Skeletonema marinoi 		– A549 cells 2,5 & 10 µM ↑Apoptosis → Cytotoxic effect→↑ on cell death (Sansone et al., 2014)
Colon adenocarcinoma metastaticascites-deriving (COLO205)
Normal lung/brunch epithelial (BEAS-2B)
Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) from Thalassiosira rotula, Skeletonema costatum, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima – Colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells (11 ± 17) µg/mL Arrest cell proliferation→↑Apoptosis (Miralto et al., 1999)
Chrysolaminaran from Synedra acus – Human colon cancer cells (HT-29) 54.5 µg/mL Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation → Cytotoxic activity (Kusaikin et al., 2010)
Colon cell line (DLD-1) 47.7 µg/mL
Nonyl 8-acetoxy-6-methyloctanoate (NAMO, fatty alcohol ester) from Phaeodactylum tricornutum – Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) 22.3 µg/mL Cell cycle arrest sub-G1 phase→ ↓damage DNA →↑Apoptosis → Cytotoxicity (Samarakoon et al., 2014)
Human lung carcinoma (A549) 50 µg/mL
Mouse melanoma (B16F10) – –
Monogalactosyl diacylglycerols from Phaeodactylum tricornutum – Wild-type W2 64 µM ↑Caspase 3/7 → ↑Apoptosis → Cytotoxicity (Andrianasolo et al., 2008)
Wild-type D3 1 µM
Fucoxanthin from Phaeodactylum tricornutum Xanthophyll Caco-2 (derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma),HepG2, and HeLa (derived from cervical cancer cells) 1 µM ↑Caspase 3/7 → ↑Apoptosis → Cytotoxicity (Neumann et al., 2019)
from Navicula incerta Phytosterol Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) 8.25 µg/mL ↑caspase-8, 9 →↓damage DNA → ↑Apoptosis → Cytotoxicity (Kim et al., 2014)
Chemical structure of marine source compounds.
Fig. 6
Chemical structure of marine source compounds.
Chemical structure of marine source compounds.
Fig. 6
Chemical structure of marine source compounds.
Chemical structure of marine source compounds.
Fig. 6
Chemical structure of marine source compounds.

5

5 Conclusions

It has been found that a number of plant and marine natural products have anticancer action in vitro on a variety of tumor cell lines, including those originating from kidney, lung, prostate, bladder, melanoma, osteosarcoma, breast, and lymphoid malignancies. Furthermore, the majority of data on just how plant as well as marine products inhibit tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo point to the possibility that this is accomplished by inducing apoptosis, necrosis, and lysis in the tumor cells. WHO estimates that more than 80% of people in underdeveloped nations rely on traditional medicines for their most basic medical requirements. A healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help stave against the progression of cancer. As chemoprotective medicines against different forms of cancer, several natural compounds are available. Fruits, vegetables, extracts from plants, herbs, microorganisms, and marine life all contain these chemoprotective compounds. The preventive effect against cancer may be attributed to a variety of natural product ingredients. In this work, we attempted to examine the anticancer properties of a number of organic compounds that were isolated from plant and marine sources.

Funding

Not applicable.

Data availability statement

The data will be available after request to the corresponding authors.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Md. Mizanur Rahaman: Conceptualization. Polrat Wilairatana: Concepualization, Project Administration. Mehedi Hasan Bappi: Methodology. Tawhida Islam: Methodology. Md. Nayem Mia: Software. Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho: Project administration. Abolghasem Siyadatpanah: Validation. Muhammad Torequl Islam: Conceptualization, Supervision.

Acknowledgments

This is the Department of Pharmacy, Life science faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100 (Dhaka), Bangladesh.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Appendix A

Supplementary data

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102919.

Appendix A

Supplementary data

The following are the Supplementary data to this article:

Supplementary data 1

Supplementary data 2


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